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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

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The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
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POEMS Syndrome Presenting as First-Time Heart Failure Exacerbation.

Michael Brandt1, Alexandra Allman1, Hayan Jouni2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

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|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 40-year-old man with heart failure exacerbation was diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. This rare disorder involves polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, and skin changes.

Keywords:
POEMS syndromeheart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Heart failure exacerbation can present with diverse underlying etiologies.
  • POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder requiring multidisciplinary diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old male presented with symptoms indicative of heart failure exacerbation.
  • Initial investigations did not immediately reveal the underlying cause.

Findings:

  • The patient was ultimately diagnosed with POEMS syndrome.
  • This diagnosis was based on the characteristic features of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and skin changes.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering rare systemic diseases in heart failure presentations.
  • Emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostic workups for complex cases.
  • Underscores the diagnostic challenges and multidisciplinary approach required for POEMS syndrome.