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Identifying the Activated Carbon Electrode Aging Pathways in Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Sylwia Slesinska1, Bénédicte Réty2,3,4, Camélia Matei-Ghimbeu2,3,4
1Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
ACS Applied Energy Materials
|January 31, 2025
Summary
Carbon electrodes in hybrid lithium-ion capacitors degrade via different pathways depending on voltage. Higher voltages accelerate aging, leading to significant performance loss due to structural and chemical changes in the carbon material.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (HLICs) are promising energy storage devices.
- Understanding carbon electrode aging is crucial for improving HLIC longevity.
- Electrolyte decomposition and carbon oxidation contribute to performance degradation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate carbon aging mechanisms in HLICs under constant polarization.
- To determine structural and chemical changes responsible for energy fading.
- To correlate aging pathways with applied voltage in HLICs.
Main Methods:
- Constant polarization (floating) of carbon electrodes at various voltages.
- Postmortem analysis using complementary techniques.
- Investigation of structural and chemical modifications in carbon materials.
Main Results:
- Capacitance loss and increased resistance observed at moderate voltages, linked to reduced surface area and pore clogging.
- At high voltages, further carbon oxidation, formation of phenol/ether groups, and electrolyte decomposition accelerate degradation.
- Decreased carbon conductivity and altered textural properties significantly impact HLIC performance.
Conclusions:
- Applied voltage dictates carbon aging pathways in HLICs.
- Electrolyte and carbon degradation products are key factors in performance fade.
- Mitigating carbon oxidation and conductivity loss is essential for enhancing HLIC durability.
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