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Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

3.5K
A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.0K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.0K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.0K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.0K
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical

3.3K
Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons....
3.3K
Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

3.4K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
3.4K
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

1.7K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
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Hydroxyl Radical-π Interaction in a Single Crystal.

Mohit Kulshrestha1, Abhijit Nandy2, Shibdas Banerjee2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.

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|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers stabilized hydroxyl radicals (•OH) within single crystals, a first for this reactive species. This breakthrough utilized chromenopyridine radical interactions and supramolecular chemistry for radical stabilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Radical Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Organic radical stability is typically achieved through steric hindrance, spin-delocalization, and non-covalent interactions like π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding.
  • Previously, no single crystals containing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) had been reported due to their high reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve the stabilization of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) within a single crystal.
  • To elucidate the stabilizing interactions responsible for hydroxyl radical (•OH) persistence in the crystalline state.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallization from a filtrate containing a chromenopyridine radical (DCP(2)•) and dissolved water.
  • Analysis of crystal packing and computational studies to identify stabilizing interactions.
  • Confirmation of •OH presence using mass spectrometry (TEMPO adduct), solid-state EPR, solution NBT assay, and DMPO spin trapping.

Main Results:

  • Successfully stabilized hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in single crystals alongside DCPH(2).
  • Identified π-•OH and •OH···N hydrogen bonding as key stabilizing interactions.
  • Experimental and computational methods confirmed the presence and stability of •OH within the crystal structure.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first instance of stabilizing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in single crystals.
  • Supramolecular interactions, specifically π-•OH and hydrogen bonding, are crucial for stabilizing these highly reactive species in the solid state.
  • The findings open new avenues for studying reactive radical species in crystalline environments.