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Volume of Distribution

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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

Published on: January 12, 2018

Novel insights into estimating the postmortem interval: red cell distribution width - standard deviation.

Hiroki Kondou¹, Kaori Shintani-Ishida², Hiroshi Ikegaya²

¹Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-dori Hirokoji-agaru, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. kondohrk@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology

|January 31, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) may help estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). This study found a potential positive relationship between RDW-SD and PMI, suggesting its utility as a forensic estimation tool.

Keywords:

Forensic medicine Postmortem interval estimation Red cell distribution width - standard deviation

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Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Hematology
Biomarkers

Background:

Accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is crucial in forensic investigations.
Current PMI estimation methods require combination for improved accuracy.
Novel biomarkers for PMI estimation are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) and PMI.
To evaluate RDW-SD as a potential biomarker for estimating PMI.

Main Methods:

Paired t-test comparing RDW-SD from hospital and autopsy blood samples in 18 cadavers.
Multiple regression analysis on 756 cadavers to assess the relationship between PMI and RDW-SD.

Main Results:

A significant difference in RDW-SD was confirmed between hospital and autopsy samples (95% CI: 11.7–17.4).
Multiple regression analysis indicated a positive relationship between PMI and RDW-SD (regression coefficient 95% CI: 1.63–3.43).

Conclusions:

RDW-SD shows a potential positive correlation with postmortem interval.
Further research is necessary to validate RDW-SD's accuracy as a PMI estimation method.