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Workplace Prejudice Toward Nurses (WPtN): Scale Development and Validation
Miranda P Kaye1, Cheryl Dellasega, D Adriana Andreae
1Author Affiliations: Survey Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Kaye); Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Dr Dellasega); and The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Andreae).
ANS. Advances in Nursing Science
|January 31, 2025
Summary
A new scale, the Workplace Prejudice toward Nurses (WPtN) scale, was developed to measure prejudice experienced by nurses. Findings show this prejudice negatively impacts job satisfaction and retention for underrepresented nurses.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Healthcare Disparities
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Workplace equality, morale, and retention are crucial for nurses.
- Existing instruments do not measure prejudice specifically directed toward nurses.
- Underrepresented nurses often face unique workplace challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Workplace Prejudice toward Nurses (WPtN) scale.
- To assess the prevalence and sources of workplace prejudice experienced by nurses.
- To understand the impact of workplace prejudice on job satisfaction and retention.
Main Methods:
- Development and validation of the WPtN scale.
- Online survey administered to 1692 nurses (65% underrepresented).
- Analysis of prejudice types, frequency, sources, and impact on job satisfaction and retention.
Main Results:
- The WPtN scale demonstrated a reliable 1-factor and 4-factor model fit.
- 34% of nurses reported experiencing workplace prejudice.
- Prejudice originated from patients (45%), family members (41%), coworkers (42%), and administrators (14%).
- Experiencing prejudice negatively affected job satisfaction and retention.
Conclusions:
- The WPtN scale is a validated and reliable tool for measuring workplace prejudice among nurses.
- Workplace prejudice is a significant issue impacting nurses, particularly those from underrepresented backgrounds.
- Addressing workplace prejudice is essential for improving nurse morale, satisfaction, and retention.
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