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Modeling refractive error populations by Weibull distribution for the minimum visual correction diopter range in XR

Chung-Jen Ou

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |January 31, 2025
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    Extended Reality (XR) systems need specific diopter corrections. This study uses Weibull distribution to determine refractive error needs, finding 6-8 diopters are required for 90% population coverage in US, Europe, and China.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optometry
    • Human Factors Engineering
    • Computer Science

    Background:

    • Extended Reality (XR) systems require precise optical design to accommodate user visual needs.
    • Determining minimum diopter correction is crucial for XR accessibility and user experience.
    • Existing optical design methods may not adequately address the diverse refractive error distributions within target populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish evidence-based recommendations for XR optical designers on diopter modulation.
    • To model refractive error distributions for diverse user populations using the Weibull distribution.
    • To determine minimum diopter requirements for XR systems to accommodate varying percentages of the population.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Weibull distribution to model refractive error data for different demographic groups.
    • Analyzed refractive error distributions for populations in the United States, Europe, and China.
    • Assessed the feasibility of the Weibull distribution method for addressing high-order visual aberrations.

    Main Results:

    • Approximately 6 diopters are needed to cover 90% of the general population in the United States and Europe.
    • An 8-diopter correction is required to cover 90% of the younger population in China.
    • The Weibull distribution effectively models refractive errors and demonstrates the necessity of accommodating optics in XR.

    Conclusions:

    • The Weibull distribution is a viable tool for modeling population-specific refractive errors for XR optical design.
    • Significant diopter accommodation is necessary for widespread XR adoption across diverse global populations.
    • This research provides critical data for XR designers to optimize optical systems for visual comfort and performance.