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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

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The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...
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Competition02:34

Competition

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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2023 JOSA A Emerging Researcher Best Paper Prize: editorial.

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    The 2023 best paper prize for emerging researchers in JOSA A has been awarded. This award recognizes outstanding scientific contributions published in the journal by early-career scientists.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics

    Background:

    • The Journal of the Optical Society of America A (JOSA A) is a leading publication in optics and photonics.
    • Recognizing emerging talent is crucial for scientific advancement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To announce the winner of the 2023 Emerging Researcher Best Paper Prize.
    • To highlight exceptional research published by an early-career scientist in JOSA A.

    Main Methods:

    • The prize committee reviewed papers published in JOSA A during 2023.
    • Selection criteria focused on scientific merit and impact by emerging researchers.

    Main Results:

    • The recipient of the 2023 Emerging Researcher Best Paper Prize has been determined.
    • The winning paper represents a significant contribution to the field of optics.

    Conclusions:

    • The award celebrates the achievements of young scientists in optics and photonics.
    • This recognition encourages continued innovation and high-quality research from emerging scholars.