The Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Dyspeptic Complaints

Dyspepsia, a common gastrointestinal issue characterized by upper abdominal discomfort, can be influenced by diet, medication, and lifestyle changes. Ramadan fasting involves refraining from food and drink from dawn to sunset, affecting various physiological processes, including digestion. The fasting period can range from 12 to 18 hours depending on the year, potentially impacting the prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effect of fasting on dyspeptic symptoms, taking into account demographic and clinical factors.

A cohort study examined 1258 clinic patients, with 150 meeting specific inclusion criteria. Dyspepsia was diagnosed using Rome IV criteria, with fasting hours taken into consideration. The relationship between dyspepsia, fasting, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug use, and demographics was analyzed.

Dyspepsia was more prevalent in females (32%) compared with males (23%), with a higher proportion of non-fasting women among dyspeptic patients. Older patients (>65 y) had a higher prevalence of dyspepsia ( P = 0.026). Fasting individuals had a 2.1 times greater likelihood of experiencing dyspeptic symptoms. Although Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug use was lower in fasting patients, no significant association with dyspepsia was observed ( P = 0.139).

Ramadan fasting increases the risk of dyspeptic symptoms, particularly in women and older adults. Factors such as medication timing and dietary changes during fasting may contribute to this risk. Highlighting the importance of the pre-dawn meal (Suhoor) in managing dyspeptic symptoms is essential. Tailored guidance should be provided to individuals at higher risk during Ramadan.