Improving potential strategies for biological activities of phlorotannins derived from seaweeds

Seaweeds have garnered considerable attention due to their capacity to serve as exceptional reservoirs of numerous bioactive metabolites possessing substantial chemical and biological significance. .Phlorotannins constitute a significant class of natural polyphenols originating from brown seaweeds, featuring a broad spectrum of bioactive attributes and demonstrating potential applicability across various sectors. The potential health advantages associated with phlorotannins, particularly concerning the prevention of conditions linked to oxidative stress, such as inflammation, diabetes, and allergies, have generated substantial interest within the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, current research remains insufficient in providing a comprehensive understanding of their absorption, as comparisons drawn with their terrestrial counterparts remain speculative. It is commonly presumed that phenolic compounds, including phlorotannins, face challenges due to their limited solubility, instability, and extensive metabolism, all of which restrict their bioavailability. In order to circumvent these limitations and amplify their utility as components of medicinal formulations or healthcare products, researchers have explored various strategies, including the encapsulation or integration of phlorotannins into nano-/micro-particles or advanced drug delivery systems. This review offers a thorough exploration of the structural and biological attributes of phlorotannins and furnishes insights into potential strategies showing promise for their effective utilization in preclinical and clinical applications.