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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins
Published on: January 17, 2014
A modular protocol for virosome display of subunit vaccine antigens
Victoria C Rosado1, Lindsey Adams1, Ashraf S Yousif2
1The Ragon Institute of Mass General, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 600 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Abstract:
Antigen array increases B cell receptor (BCR) triggering and the titer of antibodies elicited by subunit vaccines. Here, we present a protocol for multivalent antigen display by synthetic virosomes: preformed liposomes bearing glycoprotein spike proteins from enveloped viruses. We describe how to customize lipid stoichiometry within preformed liposomes and attach user-defined antigens via covalent and/or non-covalent interactions. In addition to generating vaccine research tools, this protocol demonstrates how two-dimensional membrane array resolves and activates exceptionally weak but critical virus-receptor interactions.
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