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The relationship between serum Omega-6 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease mortality: A competing risks and
Huimin Zhao1, Meirong Guo1, Changlin Yang1
1Department of General Medicine, No. 970 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Insights
High serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels are linked to increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk, while low levels show a protective effect. Maintaining a balanced intake is crucial for heart health.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- The role of serum Omega-6 fatty acids in cardiovascular health is controversial, with conflicting evidence on their effects.
- Existing research presents a complex picture, necessitating further investigation into their association with mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- To utilize advanced statistical methods, including competing risk models and Mendelian randomization, to clarify these associations and assess causality.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 5070 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.
- Utilized Cox regression, competing risks models, restricted cubic splines, and Mendelian randomization to analyze associations and causality with mortality data from the National Death Index.
Main Results:
- A U-shaped correlation was observed between serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels and both all-cause and CVD mortality.
- Low Omega-6 levels were associated with reduced mortality, whereas high levels showed increased risks for all-cause and CVD mortality.
- Multivariate Mendelian randomization confirmed a causal link between higher Omega-6 levels and increased CVD mortality.
Conclusions:
- Serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels exhibit a U-shaped relationship with mortality risk.
- Elevated Omega-6 fatty acid levels are causally associated with higher cardiovascular disease mortality.
- A balanced dietary intake of Omega-6 fatty acids is recommended for optimizing cardiovascular health.
Background & Aims:
The impact of serum Omega-6 fatty acids on cardiovascular health is debated, with evidence supporting both protective and harmful effects. To investigate the association between serum Omega-6 fatty acid and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), utilizing advanced statistical methodologies including competing risk models and multivariate Mendelian randomization.
Methods:
Data of 5070 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014 wave were analyzed, with follow-up data on mortality sourced from the National Death Index. Serum Omega-6 fatty acids level was measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risks models was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and CVD mortality by baseline Omega-6 fatty acids level. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the nonlinearity. Mendelian randomization to assess the causal relationships between Omega-6 levels and mortality.
Results:
438 all-cause deaths and 137 CVD deaths were observed during an 83 months median follow-up. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a U-shaped correlation between baseline serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels with all-cause and CVD mortality risks. Subgroup analysis indicated that for the low-level Omega-6 fatty acid participants, the hazard ratios were 0.68 (95 % CI, 0.55-0.85) for all-cause mortality and 0.62 (95 % CI, 0.40-0.95) for CVD mortality. Conversely, for the high-level participants, the hazard ratios were 1.14 (95 % CI, 1.01-1.28) for all-cause mortality and 1.23 (95 % CI, 1.05-1.44) for CVD mortality. Both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses confirmed a positive causal relationship between higher serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels and increased CVD mortality risk.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between serum Omega-6 fatty acid levels and mortality risks, with elevated levels linked causally to increased CVD mortality. These results underscore the need for balanced dietary Omega-6 fatty acid intake to optimize cardiovascular health.
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