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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Nail toxicity associated with anticancer agents.

Eden N Axler1, Matilde Iorizzo2, Beth McLellan3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy can cause nail problems due to damage to nail cells. Preventive care and interventions like cooling therapies can help manage these side effects, improving patient quality of life during cancer treatment.

Keywords:
adverse eventsanti-neoplastic agentanticancer agentchemotherapyhemorrhagesmedication side effectmelanonychianailnail dystrophynail toxicityonycholysispyogenic granuloma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer mortality has decreased due to targeted therapies.
  • Nail toxicities are common but often underrecognized side effects of chemotherapy.
  • These toxicities result from damage to rapidly dividing nail matrix keratinocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms, clinical presentations, and management of chemotherapy-induced nail toxicities.
  • To emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for nail complications.
  • To highlight the need for improved onco-dermatologic awareness and research.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical review of existing literature on chemotherapy-induced nail toxicities.
  • Discussion of preventive measures such as avoiding nail trauma and using emollients.
  • Evaluation of interventions like cryotherapy (frozen gloves/socks).

Main Results:

  • Preventive measures like regular nail care and cuticle emollients are crucial.
  • Cryotherapy shows efficacy in reducing nail toxicities, particularly with taxane-based chemotherapy.
  • Effective management is essential to prevent treatment delays or discontinuation.

Conclusions:

  • Nail toxicities significantly impact patient morbidity and quality of life.
  • Proactive management and prevention are key to maintaining cancer treatment adherence.
  • Further research and onco-dermatologic collaboration are needed for optimal guidelines.