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Sleep Phylogeny: Have We Jumped the Shark?

Marcos G Frank1

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Sleep Medicine Clinics
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Summary

The definition of sleep, based on behavior alone, has expanded the number of species considered to sleep. This commentary questions if this broad definition is accurate or has overstepped its scientific intent.

Keywords:
BrainCircadianEvolutionHomeostasisPlasticityREM

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Sleep science
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Sleep is widely believed to be a universal biological state across the animal kingdom.
  • Current sleep research increasingly relies on behavioral indicators for identification.
  • This reliance has led to a significant increase in the number of species documented as sleeping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the current, behavior-centric definition of sleep.
  • To discuss the potential overreach and implications of this expansive definition.
  • To explore whether the concept of sleep has diverged from its core scientific meaning.

Main Methods:

  • This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
  • The author analyzes the current scientific literature and definitions of sleep.
  • A critical review of the implications of behavior-based sleep identification is presented.

Main Results:

  • The current definition of sleep, based solely on behavior, may be too broad.
  • An overemphasis on behavioral measures risks misclassifying states in various species.
  • The expansion of the 'sleep' classification may dilute its original scientific significance.

Conclusions:

  • The reliance on behavioral measures for defining sleep requires re-evaluation.
  • A more nuanced approach is needed to accurately characterize sleep across diverse species.
  • The scientific community should consider the potential for conceptual drift in sleep research.