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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Updated: May 29, 2025

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Talar Malunion and Non-Union.

Mandeep S Dhillon1, Sandeep Patel1, Siddhartha Sharma1

  • 1Foot and Ankle Biomechanics, Experimentation and Research (FABER) Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|February 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Talar malunions, causing hindfoot deformity and pain, can be challenging to treat. Reconstruction is possible with intact cartilage, minimal necrosis, and no infection, sometimes including subtalar fusion for better healing.

Keywords:
ComplicationsHind foot deformityNonunionPost-traumatic talar deformityTalus malunion

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Foot and ankle reconstruction

Background:

  • Talar malunions lead to significant morbidity, including hindfoot deformity, pain, and gait issues.
  • Coexisting malunion and nonunion complicate treatment strategies.
  • Reconstruction feasibility depends on talar dome cartilage integrity, avascular necrosis extent, and infection status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate treatment options for talar malunions.
  • To assess the role of subtalar fusion in talus reconstruction.
  • To identify optimal surgical approaches for severe hindfoot deformities secondary to talar malunion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cases involving talar malunion and reconstruction.
  • Analysis of outcomes for talus reconstruction with and without subtalar fusion.
  • Comparison of triple fusion versus talus reconstruction for severe deformities.

Main Results:

  • Reconstruction is viable when talar dome cartilage is intact, avascular necrosis is limited, and no infection is present.
  • Subtalar fusion during talus reconstruction can enhance revascularization and healing with minimal added disability.
  • Triple fusion may be preferable for correcting significant, long-standing hindfoot deformities, accepting the malunited talus.

Conclusions:

  • Talar malunion management requires careful consideration of cartilage status, necrosis, and infection.
  • Subtalar fusion is a beneficial adjunct to talus reconstruction, promoting healing.
  • For severe deformities, triple fusion offers effective hindfoot correction, even with a malunited talus.