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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Quantitative Detection Method for MicroRNAs in the Kidney of an Ischemic Kidney Injury Mouse Model
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A Quantitative Detection Method for MicroRNAs in the Kidney of an Ischemic Kidney Injury Mouse Model

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Peripheral Transcriptomics in Acute and Long-Term Kidney Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Pushkala Jayaraman1, Madhumitha Rajagopal2, Ishan Paranjpe3

  • 1The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (CBIPM), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Kidney360
|February 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients involves mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, impacting long-term kidney health. These findings, with overlap to sepsis-AKI, suggest broader therapeutic potential for kidney recovery.

Keywords:
AKICKDCOVID-19congestive heart failurefibrosiskidney failuremRNAmitochondriaoxidative stresstranscriptional profiling

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, often leading to persistent kidney dysfunction.
  • The specific transcriptomic alterations and long-term consequences of AKI severity in COVID-19 remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic and proteomic signatures associated with AKI severity in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients.
  • To explore the relationship between these molecular profiles and long-term kidney function changes post-discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Bulk RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and proteomic analysis were performed on SARS-CoV-2 patients.
  • Functional enrichment analysis was compared with historical sepsis-AKI data.
  • Associations between molecular signatures and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes were examined.

Main Results:

  • Severe AKI (stage 2/3) in SARS-CoV-2 patients was associated with significant differential gene expression compared to controls and mild AKI.
  • Key pathways implicated in severe AKI include unfolded protein response, cellular stress, and inflammation, with specific links to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
  • A 30% functional overlap was observed between COVID-19-associated AKI and sepsis-related AKI transcriptomics. Long-term kidney function decline correlated with disruptions in carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • Severe AKI in SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress.
  • The shared pathways with sepsis-AKI suggest potential for broadly applicable therapeutic strategies.
  • Long-term kidney dysfunction is significantly influenced by cellular energy metabolism and immune response dysregulation.