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Updated: May 29, 2025

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
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Maximizing temperature sensitivity in a one-dimensional photonic crystal thermal sensor.

Manal A Maher1, Arafa H Aly2, Mohamed S Esmail3

  • 1Computed Tomography X-Ray Scan Unit, Cairo Egyptian Museum, Ministry of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt.

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|February 3, 2025
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Summary

This study presents a defective 1D photonic crystal thermal sensor using gallium nitride and glycerin for artifact preservation. Optimized for sensitivity, it shows promising performance for long-term temperature monitoring.

Keywords:
1D Photonic crystalPhotonic bandgapThermal sensorThermo-optic effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) offer tunable optical properties.
  • Thermo-optic effects in materials like glycerin are crucial for temperature sensing.
  • Preserving archaeological artifacts requires stable, long-term environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and theoretically model a defective 1D photonic crystal thermal sensor.
  • To optimize the sensor's sensitivity to temperature variations for artifact preservation.
  • To investigate the influence of material properties and structural parameters on sensor performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 1D PC sensor using gallium nitride (GaN), glycerin, and air.
  • Application of the transfer matrix method for theoretical analysis.
  • Numerical simulations using MATLAB to optimize GaN refractive index and evaluate sensor performance.
  • Analysis of transmission spectrum shifts in response to temperature changes.

Main Results:

  • The sensor exhibits temperature sensitivities of approximately 10 nm/°C and 20 nm/°C at different incident angles.
  • High quality factors were achieved, reaching 35,443 at 30° incidence and 14,723 at 65° incidence.
  • Theoretical modeling and numerical simulations were used to optimize the sensor's design for enhanced sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The defective 1D photonic crystal sensor demonstrates potential for precise, long-term temperature monitoring.
  • The thermo-optic effect of glycerin and the photonic bandgap behavior are key to the sensor's functionality.
  • Further studies can explore optimizing defect layer thickness and incident angles for improved sensor performance.