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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Addiction Psychiatry

Background:

  • Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are prevalent in opioid use disorder (OUD), hindering treatment and recovery.
  • Objective data on rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in individuals on opioid agonist therapy are scarce.
  • Understanding these disruptions can reveal new therapeutic targets for adjunctive treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythmicity in individuals with OUD.
  • To examine the brain functional correlates of rest-activity rhythms in OUD.
  • To assess the impact of opioid agonist therapy on these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving individuals with OUD (on medication and abstinent) and healthy controls (HCs).
  • Actigraphy data collected over one week to derive 21 rest-activity rhythm features.
  • Principal component analysis used to extract independent RAR components; brain and clinical correlates examined.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with OUD receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) showed greater sleep-wake irregularity than those without MOUD or HCs.
  • Greater sleep irregularity in MOUD patients correlated with longer heroin use history and reduced daytime light exposure.
  • OUD participants exhibited altered default mode network brain state dynamics, with sleep irregularity exacerbating impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep irregularity in individuals with OUD on opioid agonist therapy is associated with opioid misuse history and reduced daylight exposure.
  • These sleep disturbances are linked to impaired brain network dynamics.
  • Interventions promoting light exposure may enhance sleep-wake regularity and brain function in this population.