Deep brain stimulation of the hypothalamic region: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Neuromodulation
• Neurosurgery
• Neuroscience

Background:

• The hypothalamus is a key brain region regulating vital functions.
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapeutic option for neurological disorders.
• Hypothalamic DBS is being explored for treatment-refractory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review hypothalamic DBS targets.
• To identify indications for hypothalamic DBS.
• To summarize primary clinical findings of hypothalamic DBS.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies on hypothalamic DBS in humans.
• Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
• Adhered to PRISMA guidelines for study selection.

Main Results:

• 34 studies (412 patients) over two decades were analyzed.
• Indications included refractory headaches, aggression, and Alzheimer's disease.
• Posterior hypothalamus was the most common target; 51.7% reported symptom improvement.

Conclusions:

• Hypothalamic DBS is feasible for selected refractory conditions in pediatric and adult patients.
• Further large-scale studies are required.
• Long-term safety and efficacy data need validation.