Endovascular Management of Arteriovenous Malformations in the Thalamic and Basal Ganglia: A Systematic Review

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the thalamic and basal ganglia present significant challenges due to their deep-seated location and complex vessel architecture. This systematic review outlines the efficacy and outcomes of endovascular management of these lesions. A comprehensive analysis of seven studies including 53 patients revealed high technical success rates, with complete obliteration in 46.7-100% of cases, using advanced embolization agents, such as ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer, and precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid. Adjunctive therapies, mainly stereotactic radiosurgery, further improved results in complex cases. The complications were highly variable, and again, the need for the performance of the technique to be as meticulous as possible was pointed out, tailoring the treatment strategies. This review underlines the potential of endovascular interventions in optimizing outcomes in patients with AVMs in these critical brain regions.