Massive Bilateral Exudative Retinal Detachment Revealing Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and premature death that can result in significant end-organ damage, including to the eyes. Malignant hypertension, defined by a blood pressure above 200/120 mmHg, can lead to advanced retinopathy with complications such as exudative retinal detachment. We present a case of a 28-year-old woman who developed bilateral blindness due to malignant hypertension caused by a pheochromocytoma, an uncommon tumor that secretes catecholamines. Initial ophthalmic examination revealed severe hypertensive retinopathy and bilateral exudative retinal detachment; the diagnosis was confirmed by elevated urinary catecholamines and a CT scan showing an adrenal mass. This case underscores the importance of identifying ocular manifestations of hypertension as indicators of life-threatening systemic conditions. Prompt diagnosis and management, including antihypertensive treatment and surgical intervention, are critical for such patients.