Neuropsychiatric Side Effects of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient With Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare interstitial lung disease. Glucocorticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine are the most commonly used treatments. Although neuropsychiatric side effects related to hydroxychloroquine use are seen in adult cases, only one paediatric patient has been reported in the literature.

We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with IPH, who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms, including restlessness, confusion and myoclonic movements, after the therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine.

With increasing knowledge and experience of interstitial lung disease, the use of hydroxychloroquine treatment is increasing. It is important to remember that hydroxychloroquine is a central nervous system stimulant, and neuropsychiatric side effects may be seen in children. This report highlights the importance of recognising potential neuropsychiatric side effects in paediatric patients using hydroxychloroquine, especially when combined with corticosteroids or other risk factors.