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Updated: May 29, 2025

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

Non-cerebral malaria: does such a thing exist?

Beatriz Nogueira Siqueira-E-Silva¹, Luciana Pereira de Sousa¹, Pamela Rosa-Gonçalves¹

¹Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

|February 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria infection, even without severe symptoms, can cause long-term brain issues. Current definitions of cerebral malaria may miss many cases of neurocognitive and behavioral impairments in malaria patients.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a significant global health concern.
Cerebral malaria, a severe form, has high mortality and neurocognitive sequelae in survivors.
Emerging evidence suggests impairments occur even in non-cerebral and asymptomatic malaria.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the expanding evidence of neurocognitive and behavioral impairments associated with malaria.
To challenge the current definition of cerebral malaria and propose a broader conceptualization.
To highlight the potential impact of non-severe malaria on global neurological morbidity.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in malaria patients.
Analysis of neuroimaging findings in severe and non-severe malaria.
Comparison of observed sequelae with the current World Health Organization (WHO) definition of cerebral malaria.

Main Results:

Neurocognitive and behavioral impairments are reported in severe non-cerebral malaria, non-severe malaria, and asymptomatic Plasmodium infections.
Mild vasogenic edema observed in neuroimaging of non-cerebral malaria cases.
Significant proportion of global malaria morbidity may stem from sequelae of non-severe malaria.

Conclusions:

Systemic inflammation from malaria, irrespective of cerebral involvement, can impair brain function and cause long-term sequelae.
The current definition of cerebral malaria is insufficient to capture the full spectrum of malaria-associated neurological damage.
A revised conceptual framework is needed to address the widespread neurocognitive and behavioral impacts of malaria.