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Educational Outcomes in School-Aged Children With a History of Simple and Complex Gastroschisis are Poor Compared to
Osamuyi Asemota1, Gabrielle Derraugh2, Matthew Levesque2
1Department of Surgery, St. David's South Austin General Surgery, USA.
Insights
Children with gastroschisis, including simple and complex cases, face significant academic challenges. These children are more likely to struggle with middle school assessments compared to their peers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Limited research exists on the long-term cognitive and educational outcomes for children with gastroschisis.
- Existing studies present inconsistent findings regarding developmental trajectories.
- Gastroschisis, a congenital abdominal wall defect, requires significant medical intervention from birth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the educational performance of children with gastroschisis against age-matched controls.
- To identify potential differences in academic outcomes based on gastroschisis complexity (simple vs. complex).
- To utilize a population-based educational data repository for robust analysis.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study including children born with gastroschisis between 1991 and 2022.
- Comparison of educational outcomes using the Early Development Instrument (EDI) and Grades 3, 7, and 8 assessments.
- Statistical analysis using odds ratios (OR) to determine the likelihood of assessment failure, with subgroup analyses for simple and complex gastroschisis.
Main Results:
- The study included 208 gastroschisis cases and 2075 controls.
- Children with gastroschisis demonstrated a higher likelihood of failing middle school assessments (OR = 2.93).
- Both simple (OR = 2.66) and complex (OR = 4.57) gastroschisis cases showed increased odds of academic underperformance in middle school compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Children born with gastroschisis, irrespective of complexity, exhibit inferior academic performance in middle school compared to their peers.
- Caregivers must be informed about these persistent educational challenges.
- Early identification and support are crucial for children with gastroschisis to mitigate academic difficulties.
Background:
Research on long-term cognitive outcomes of children with gastroschisis is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to compare the educational outcomes of children with gastroschisis to age-matched controls using a population-based repository of educational data.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective study of all children born with gastroschisis between 1991 and 2022. We compared the educational outcomes of children with simple and complex gastroschisis to date-of-birth matched controls using the: Early Development Instrument (EDI) and Grades 3, 7, and 8 assessments. We used odds ratio (OR) to compare the likelihood of children with gastroschisis failing an assessment compared to controls. We did subgroup analyses for simple and complex gastroschisis cases.
Results:
A total of 208 gastroschisis cases and 2075 controls were included. There were 136 children with simple gastroschisis and 72 children with complex gastroschisis. Children with gastroschisis were more likely to fail a middle school assessment than controls (OR = 2.93, 95%CI = 1.73, 5.09). Even children with simple gastroschisis were more likely to fail a middle school assessment (OR = 2.66, 95%CI = 1.42, 5.13). Moreover, children with severe gastroschisis were at even greater odds of failing a middle school assessment than controls (OR = 4.57, 95%CI = 1.71, 13.60).
Conclusion:
The academic performance of children born with gastroschisis, both simple and complex, is inferior to age-matched controls in middle school. Caregivers should be aware of the ongoing challenges that children born with gastroschisis face and seek early support.
Level Of Evidence:
Prognostic, level III.
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