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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

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Published on: August 8, 2019

Exploring person-centred sleep and rest-activity cycle dynamics over 6 months.

Rachel Crosley-Lyons¹, Jixin Li², Wei-Lin Wang¹

¹Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Journal of Sleep Research

|February 5, 2025

Summary

This study identified four distinct sleep-circadian statuses in young adults using smartwatch data. Findings reveal transitions between statuses over six months, highlighting the dynamic nature of sleep patterns and their health implications.

Keywords:

circadian rhythm latent transition analysis person‐centred sleep duration sleep quality sleep–wake disorder

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Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Sleep Science
Personalized Health

Background:

Sleep and circadian rhythms significantly impact health, yet are often studied using static, variable-centered approaches.
Longitudinal, person-centered research is crucial to understand the dynamic interplay of sleep and circadian characteristics over time.

Purpose of the Study:

To classify individuals into distinct sleep-circadian statuses.
To examine longitudinal transitions between these identified statuses.
To explore covariates and health outcomes associated with each status.

Main Methods:

151 young adults wore smartwatches for 6 months to collect sleep and circadian rhythm data.
Latent transition modeling was used to identify statuses and transitions.
Multinomial logistic regressions, ANOVA, and ANCOVA analyzed covariates and health outcomes.

Main Results:

Four sleep-circadian statuses were identified: optimal sleepers, restless sleepers, short sleepers, and nappers.
Significant transitions were observed, with optimal/restless sleepers becoming nappers, and nappers shifting statuses; short sleepers remained stable.
Males were more likely to be short sleepers; restless sleepers reported more physical dysfunction, and short sleepers experienced greater sleepiness.

Conclusions:

This study successfully identified four dynamic sleep-circadian statuses in young adults.
The findings demonstrate that sleep-circadian profiles can change over time, impacting health.
A longitudinal, person-centered approach offers a valuable framework for developing personalized diagnostic guidelines for sleep and circadian disorders.