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Updated: May 29, 2025

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

Stretchable and Permeable Liquid Metal Micromeshes Featuring Strain-Insensitive Resistance Through In Situ Structural

Qian Wang^1,2, Yuping Sun^1,2, Changqing Qin³

¹College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|February 6, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed stretchable and permeable liquid metal micromeshes with stable electrical resistance. This innovation uses ambient air to transform liquid metals for advanced wearable electronics and biosensors.

Keywords:

liquid metal permeable conductors stretchable conductors stretchable electronics textile electronics

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Last Updated: May 29, 2025

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Published on: May 14, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electronics Engineering

Background:

Gallium-based liquid metals offer potential for stretchable electronics but suffer from resistance instability and low permeability.
Existing liquid metal applications are limited by poor performance under mechanical strain and lack of gas/liquid transport capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer stretchable and permeable liquid metal micromeshes with strain-insensitive resistance.
To explore an in situ structural transformation mechanism for microscale liquid metals.
To demonstrate the application of these micromeshes in wearable devices and biosensing.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of liquid metal micromeshes by spin-coating liquid metal onto microfiber textiles.
Inducing structural transformation through multiple stretching cycles in ambient air.
Characterization of microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical resistance under strain.
Integration of transformed micromeshes into wearable heaters, LED matrices, and biosensors.

Main Results:

Liquid metal micromeshes transformed from smooth to wrinkled textures due to oxide nanoskin growth.
The wrinkled microstructure enabled a folding-unfolding deformation mode, significantly reducing resistance fluctuations during stretching.
The resulting micromeshes exhibited both stretchability and permeability.
Successful demonstration in wearable heaters, LED matrices, and high-fidelity biopotential sensing electrodes integrated with Janus textiles.

Conclusions:

Ambient air serves as an effective reactive environment for tailoring microscale liquid metal properties.
The developed in situ transformation mechanism provides a pathway to highly stretchable, permeable, and strain-insensitive liquid metal conductors.
These advancements pave the way for next-generation wearable electronics and advanced biosensing applications.