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Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

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Published on: October 6, 2014

Engineering Gizmos for Short Cancer Genetic Fragments Discrimination.

Jisoo Yuk¹, Jeonghun Kim², Sunghwan Jung¹

¹Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology

|February 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nanotechnology offers a new diagnostic toolkit for rapid cancer detection. This "Gizmo" device identifies specific cancer genetic fragments, improving early diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Biomarker Fast detection Nanobiotechnology Nucleic acids engineering Short-length genetic fragments

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Nanotechnology
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with precision medicine and targeted therapies showing promise.
Current diagnostic methods for comprehensive genomic analysis of cancer are often time-consuming and labor-intensive.
The need for rapid, accurate detection of cancer-specific genetic biomarkers is critical for advancing treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development of a novel nanotechnology-based diagnostic toolkit for early cancer detection.
To present a small diagnostic device, termed 'Gizmo,' designed for identifying cancer genetic fragments.
To explore diagnostic strategies focusing on direct gene detection and signal amplification.

Main Methods:

Development of novel diagnostic systems for direct detection of pre-selected target genes.
Implementation of signal amplification techniques to enhance diagnostic sensitivity without traditional gene amplification.
Utilizing nanotechnology to create a compact and efficient diagnostic tool.

Main Results:

The proposed 'Gizmo' device enables the detection of specific cancer genetic fragments.
Diagnostic approaches focus on both direct gene identification and indirect signal enhancement.
Advancements aim to significantly improve diagnostic speed and accuracy.

Conclusions:

Nanotechnology provides a promising avenue for developing rapid and accurate cancer diagnostic tools.
The 'Gizmo' device represents a step towards more efficient cancer biomarker detection.
Accelerating cancer diagnosis through innovative technologies is key to improving patient outcomes.