Coexistence of Gynecological Pathologies in Women With Cervical and Endometrial Polyps

Cervical polyps (CPs) and endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecological conditions worldwide. Understanding the distribution of benign and malignant pathologies in women with these polyps is clinically significant. The coexistence of these conditions underscores their complexity, requiring an inclusive and detailed approach to diagnosis and management. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of coexisting pathologies in women with CPs and EPs.

This retrospective study analyzed records from 2000 to 2020 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, and the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

From a total sample of 3,490 women, 772 women were diagnosed with one or more polyps; 343 (9.9%) had CPs, and 488 (14%) had EPs. Benign pathologies, such as cervicitis, adenomyosis, paraovarian cysts, and fibroids, were strongly associated with the presence of CPs. Regarding EPs, a positive statistical relationship was present between them and serous cystadenomas (p=0.005), cervicitis (p<0.001), adenomyosis (p=0.001), paraovarian cysts, and more than five fibroids (p<0.001). Endometrial polyps were strongly (p<0.001) correlated to endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia. The occurrence of EPs and CPs appeared to decrease with age. Further analyses revealed a strong positive correlation between EPs and endometrial cancer (p=0.006). Endometrial polyps were strongly (p<0.001) correlated to endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia. The occurrence of EPs and CPs appeared to decrease with age. Further analyses revealed a strong positive correlation between EPs and endometrial cancer (p=0.006).

There appears to be a correlation between EPs/CPs and other gynecological pathologies. Comprehensive evaluation and further longitudinal studies are therefore crucial for patients with polyps, as they may be at higher risk for coexisting benign and potentially malignant conditions.