Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in regulating vascular function

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is crucial for calcium homeostasis, primarily in parathyroid glands and kidneys.
• Emerging evidence highlights CaSR expression in non-calcitropic tissues, including the vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted role of the CaSR in vascular function, encompassing contractility, proliferation, and calcification.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of CaSR modulators in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on CaSR expression and function in vascular tissues.
• Analysis of signaling pathways involved in CaSR-mediated vascular effects.
• Discussion of clinical implications and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• CaSR activation on endothelial cells and sensory nerves promotes vasodilation via nitric oxide and vasoactive substances.
• CaSR expression in vascular smooth muscle cells mediates vasoconstriction through the Gq/11 pathway.
• CaSR in vascular smooth muscle cells regulates cell proliferation and calcification.

Conclusions:

• The CaSR is a key regulator of vascular tone, proliferation, and calcification.
• CaSR modulation presents a promising therapeutic avenue for hypertension, pulmonary artery hypertension, and atherosclerosis.