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Assessing Racial Heterogeneity in "Housing First" Supports' Effectiveness Among Older Adults Experiencing
Jared N Schachner1, Steven Schmidt2, Gary D Painter3
1Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
The Gerontologist
|February 6, 2025
Summary
Older Black adults face higher risks of repeated homelessness. "Housing First" interventions, like permanent supportive housing (PSH), show promise in reducing this risk for this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Social Gerontology
- Urban Studies
- Public Health
Background:
- The U.S. is experiencing an aging and diversifying population alongside rising housing costs.
- These trends may exacerbate homelessness among older adults of color.
- Existing research often examines race and age-related homelessness risk separately, with limited focus on their interaction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interactive effects of race and age on the risk of recurrent homelessness.
- To determine if
- Housing First
- (HF) interventions, specifically permanent supportive housing (PSH) and rapid rehousing (RRH), are disproportionately effective for older adults of color.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of individual-level data from Los Angeles County's Homelessness Management Information System (HMIS) from 2013-2019.
- Examination of Continuum of Care (CoC) services received after an initial service.
- Application of linear probability models to assess the impact of PSH and RRH on homelessness risk for Black versus White older adults.
Main Results:
- A significant age-race interaction was identified, with Black adults aged 55-64 showing the highest risk of repeat homelessness.
- Permanent supportive housing (PSH) was found to disproportionately reduce this risk for older Black adults.
Conclusions:
- HF interventions, particularly PSH, may be highly effective for older adults of color experiencing homelessness.
- Program sorting processes, where individuals are directed to specific services, could explain differential intervention effectiveness.
- Future research should explore heterogeneity in aging and housing interventions, considering program sorting.
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