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Related Concept Videos

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
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Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

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A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
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The Carnot Cycle01:30

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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
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Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
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The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Quantum Zeno Engines and Heat Pumps.

Giovanni Barontini1

  • 1University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|February 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Quantum Zeno strokes replace adiabatic transformations in quantum heat pumps, enabling faster optimal performance. Frequent measurements ensure near-isentropic processes for improved quantum engine efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum heat engines and pumps are crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Adiabatic processes are ideal but often slow in quantum systems.
  • Alternative methods are needed to achieve efficient quantum thermal operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantum Zeno strokes as a replacement for adiabatic transformations in quantum heat pumps.
  • To characterize the performance of a quantum Zeno heat pump using a quantum harmonic oscillator.
  • To compare the efficiency and speed of quantum Zeno strokes with shortcut-to-adiabaticity techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing quantum heat pumps using quantum Zeno strokes.
  • Utilizing frequent, selective measurements to induce isentropic transformations.

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  • Analyzing the performance of a quantum harmonic oscillator-based quantum Zeno heat pump.

    • Main Results:

    • Quantum Zeno strokes achieve near-ideal isentropic transformations.
    • Optimal performance in quantum Zeno heat pumps can be reached more rapidly than with shortcut-to-adiabaticity methods.
    • The quantum harmonic oscillator model demonstrates the practical feasibility of this approach.

    Conclusions:

    • Quantum Zeno strokes offer a promising alternative to adiabatic processes for quantum thermal devices.
    • This technique enhances the speed and efficiency of quantum heat pumps.
    • Further research can explore Zeno strokes in more complex quantum systems and engines.