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Passive Defect Driven Morphogenesis in Nematic Membranes.

D J G Pearce1, C Thibault2, Q Chaboche2

  • 1University of Geneva, Department of Theoretical Physics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

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|February 6, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluid membranes with topological defects can spontaneously form conical shapes, driving morphogenesis. Elastic parameters and boundary constraints dictate deformation modes and defect fusion on curved surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Orientational order is prevalent in biological and synthetic materials.
  • Topological defects are discontinuities in orientational order, often linked to material geometry.
  • These defects play roles in material properties and morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model morphogenesis using fluid membranes with a +1 topological defect.
  • To investigate the equilibrium shapes and deformation mechanisms of such membranes.
  • To understand the influence of elastic parameters and boundary constraints on membrane morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computational simulations to model membrane behavior.
  • Employing analytical calculations to derive theoretical predictions.
  • Analyzing the interplay of splay, twist, and bend distortions on curved surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Membranes spontaneously deform into conical shapes with the defect at the apex.
  • The stability of these deformations is governed by the balance of elastic parameters.
  • Three distinct deformation modes emerge under boundary constraints, involving director field distortions.
  • Inverted solutions and the fusion of +1/2 topological defect pairs were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanism for passive, defect-driven morphogenesis in fluid membranes is identified.
  • Deformation modes are intricately linked to the management of director field distortions.
  • The study provides insights into the behavior of topological defects on deformable surfaces.