Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

2.5K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
2.5K
The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

2.8K
Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
2.8K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

221
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
221
The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.5K
The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
2.5K
Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

93
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
93
Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

623
The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
623

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automatic choroid plexus assessment in SLE: a deep learning-enabled study.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Finite-time and finite-size scalings of coercivity in dynamic hysteresis.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Hsp70 diversification and repurposing across the tree of life: Lessons from the evolutionary and mechanistic trajectory of the Hsp70-Hsp110 chaperone system.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Coercivity Landscape Characterizes Dynamic Hysteresis.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Controllable protein design via autoregressive direct coupling analysis conditioned on principal components.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Refolding-assisted purification of native full-length TDP-43 compatible with BSL-2 safety regulations.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.5K

Minimal Model for Carnot Efficiency at Maximum Power.

Shiling Liang1,2, Yu-Han Ma3,4, Daniel Maria Busiello5,6

  • 1École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|February 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a minimal heat engine model achieving Carnot efficiency at maximum power output. It leverages intrinsic divergent physical quantities, like degeneracy, to overcome conventional thermodynamic trade-offs.

More Related Videos

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
08:59

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.5K
A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.5K
Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
08:59

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.5K
A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Carnot efficiency defines the theoretical maximum for heat engines but requires sacrificing power output.
  • Nonequilibrium thermodynamics imposes a universal trade-off between power and efficiency for conventional engines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a minimal heat engine model achieving both Carnot efficiency and maximum power output.
  • To explore intrinsic divergent physical quantities as thermodynamic resources.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimal heat engine model.
  • Analysis of intrinsic divergent physical quantities (e.g., degeneracy) within the working substance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a heat engine model attaining Carnot efficiency simultaneously with maximum power output.
  • Identification of intrinsic divergent quantities as key resources to overcome power-efficiency limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic divergent physical quantities can be harnessed as thermodynamic resources.
  • Collective advantages in many-body interacting systems offer novel pathways for energy harvesting.