Stroke in the Patient With Type 2 Diabetes
Terri W Jerkins1, David S H Bell2
1Midstate Endocrine Associates, Nashville, Tennessee.
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases stroke risk and worsens outcomes. Newer recommendations and antidiabetic drugs show promise in preventing stroke and improving quality of life for individuals with T2DM.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) elevates stroke risk by 1.5 to 3 times compared to normoglycemic individuals.
- Despite traditional risk factor control, patients with T2DM experience higher recurrent stroke rates and poorer post-stroke quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology linking T2DM and increased stroke risk.
- To summarize the effects of traditional and novel risk factor modifications on stroke prevention in T2DM.
Main Methods:
- Review of multiple publications on T2DM and stroke pathophysiology.
- Analysis of new publications on traditional and emerging risk factor modification strategies.
Main Results:
- Refined traditional risk factor modification includes optimized lipid and blood pressure levels, and anticoagulation methods.
- Emerging antidiabetic drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and pioglitazone, demonstrate efficacy in preventing primary and secondary strokes in diabetic patients.
Conclusions:
- Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with T2DM exacerbating both risk and outcomes.
- Implementing updated recommendations and novel therapeutic strategies can significantly improve stroke outcomes for individuals with T2DM.
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