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Reversible tubular dysfunction in alcohol abuse.

S De Marchi, E Cecchin, F Grimaldi

    Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. Congress
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
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    Heavy alcohol abuse can cause kidney tubular dysfunction in a third of patients, leading to alkaline urine. This dysfunction, characterized by impaired reabsorption, fully recovers with 30 days of abstinence.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Chronic alcohol consumption is linked to various health issues.
    • Alkaline urine pH is an unexplained finding in some alcoholic patients.
    • Kidney tubular function in chronic alcohol abuse requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate kidney tubular function in chronic alcoholic patients with unexplained alkaline urine.
    • To determine the impact of alcohol abuse on specific tubular functions.
    • To assess the reversibility of alcohol-induced tubular dysfunction.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 60 chronic alcoholic patients (≥160g/day for ≥10 years) without liver disease.
    • Assessed urine pH, bicarbonate excretion, and fractional urinary excretion of various solutes.

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  • Compared findings with alcoholic patients having normal urine pH and healthy controls.

    • Main Results:

    • 36.6% of patients exhibited alkaline urine (pH > 6.4) with increased bicarbonate excretion.
    • Significantly elevated fractional excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid was observed.
    • These tubular dysfunction markers normalized after 30 days of abstinence.

    Conclusions:

    • Alcohol abuse can induce a complex kidney tubular dysfunction in a significant proportion of heavy drinkers.
    • This dysfunction is characterized by impaired tubular reabsorption of multiple solutes.
    • Complete recovery of tubular function is achievable with sustained abstinence.