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Learning entropy production from underdamped Langevin trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Entropy production (EP) quantifies energy dissipation and irreversibility in nonequilibrium systems.
  • Estimating EP is difficult due to limited knowledge of system dynamics.
  • Existing methods using thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are limited to overdamped systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for estimating entropy production in underdamped Langevin systems.
  • To extend the application of thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) to a wider range of physical systems.
  • To provide a flexible approach for calculating EP with limited dynamic information.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a modified TUR relating cumulant and stochastic currents to EP.
  • Utilizing a family of currents that allows for saturation of uncertainty relations.
  • Requiring only knowledge of the damping coefficient to mass ratio and diffusion constant.

Main Results:

  • A modified TUR is established for estimating EP in both overdamped and underdamped Langevin dynamics.
  • The method is validated numerically on various underdamped systems.
  • The derived uncertainty relations can saturate even for long-time averages and non-steady-state conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel modified TUR provides a flexible and broadly applicable method for estimating entropy production.
  • This advancement overcomes limitations of previous methods, enabling EP estimation in underdamped systems.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of energy dissipation and irreversibility in nonequilibrium physics.