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Related Concept Videos

Energy Diagrams - II01:10

Energy Diagrams - II

Energy diagrams are important to understand the dynamics of a system. The topology of an energy diagram helps illustrate the equilibrium points of the system.
The point in the energy diagram at which the system’s potential energy is the lowest is known as the local minima. The system tends to stay in this position indefinitely unless acted upon by a net force. The slope of the potential energy diagram at the local minima is zero, indicating that zero net force is acting on the system. The slope...
Energy Diagrams - I01:14

Energy Diagrams - I

The dynamics of a mechanical system can be easily understood by interpreting a potential energy diagram. Since energy is a scalar quantity, the interpretation of the dynamics of the system becomes even simpler.
Take the example of a skater on a parabolic ramp. The potential energy at different points along the ramp will be proportional to the height of the ramp, which varies quadratically with the horizontal position on the ramp. As the skater moves down the ramp from the highest position,...
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium01:16

Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium

Potential energy or potential function plays an essential role in determining the stability of a mechanical system. If a system is subjected to both gravitational and elastic forces, the potential function of the system can be expressed as the algebraic sum of gravitational and elastic potential energy. If the system is in equilibrium and is displaced by a small amount, then the work done on the system equals the negative of the change in the system's potential energy from the initial to the...
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...

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Metastable dynamical computing with energy landscapes: A primer.

Christian Z Pratt1, Kyle J Ray1, James P Crutchfield1

  • 1Complexity Sciences Center and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamical computing uses energy landscapes to process information, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional CMOS technology. This approach enables the design of universal logic gates with improved thermodynamic performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Computer Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies power modern devices but have high energy costs.
  • There is a growing need for energy-efficient information processing designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore dynamical computing as an energy-efficient information processing paradigm.
  • To demonstrate the computational capabilities and thermodynamic performance of dynamical computing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing potential energy landscapes with metastable minima to represent memory states.
  • Applying bifurcation theory to analyze computational protocols by tracking fixed points.
  • Implementing 1-bit and 2-bit computations using double-well and quadruple-well potentials.

Main Results:

  • Information processing is achieved by dynamically manipulating memory states within the energy landscape.
  • Demonstrated successful 1-bit and 2-bit computations.
  • Illustrated the potential for designing universal logic gates.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamical computing offers a promising framework for energy-efficient information processing.
  • The paradigm provides a natural description of thermodynamic transformations and resource requirements.
  • Further investigation into out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic performance is warranted.