Excitation of electromagnetic rogue waves in magnetized plasmas

Rogue waves, presented in numerous fields of science, are attracting significant attention. We study the excitation of electromagnetic rogue waves in magnetized plasmas caused by the thermal electron anisotropic loss cone distribution. The Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky method is used to derive the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) from collisionless magnetohydrodynamics equations satisfied by electrons. By solving numerically the one-dimensional NLSE, the rogue waves can be excited owing to their association with modulational instability. We can obtain the initial magnetic field conditions necessary for the excitation of electromagnetic rogue waves from the plane wave solution satisfied by the vector potential. Meanwhile, we apply a 2.5D fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) method to simulate the excitation of electromagnetic rogue waves in magnetized plasmas. The PIC simulation results show that the excitation of electromagnetic rogue waves is primarily caused by the instability of the transverse perturbation components.