Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Impact Fertility: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Immunology

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a cornerstone in cancer treatment.
• ICI therapy can cause immune-mediated adverse events affecting multiple organs, including the reproductive system.
• Limited clinical data exists on ICI's impact on fertility, sexual health, and pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the effects of immunotherapy on male and female fertility.
• To examine the impact of immunotherapy on sexual health.
• To highlight the importance of fertility preservation and counseling for cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on immunotherapy's reproductive and sexual side effects.
• Analysis of clinical data regarding fertility and sexual health outcomes in patients treated with ICIs.
• Synthesis of information on managing reproductive dysfunction associated with cancer treatment.

Main Results:

• ICI therapy is associated with sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and reduced vaginal lubrication.
• Patients undergoing immunotherapy may experience psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression, if not adequately counseled on reproductive risks.
• Fertility-desiring patients require comprehensive counseling and proactive management strategies.

Conclusions:

• Addressing the reproductive consequences of ICI therapy is essential.
• Disseminating knowledge on novel treatments and preventive measures for reproductive side effects is critical.
• Fertility preservation options and hormone replacement therapy should be offered to affected individuals.