Racism during clinical placement, the perpetrators, impact, advocating and reporting

Background: The experience of racism in healthcare is particularly challenging to address due to misunderstandings of the definition, the complex interplay of other potential discriminations and, at some level, the denial that it occurs. Limited studies have reported racism as an aspect of workplace violence toward nurses and nursing students from both patients and staff.Research aims: To understand nursing students' experience of unethical behaviour, including racism during clinical placement, the perpetrators, impacts, advocating and reporting.Research design: An interpretive, qualitative design was used, and 15 nursing students were interviewed using semi-structured interview guides. The interview recordings were transcribed and thematically analysed.Participants and research context: Nursing students voluntarily participated and completed the interviews for this study from one undergraduate nursing student cohort in metropolitan South Australia.Ethical considerations: This study received ethical approval from the University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee.Findings/results: The two major themes with subthemes of the findings include (1) The multi-faceted student nurse experience of racism: sub themes - racism from patients to nurses, from nurses to nursing students' and racism towards patients. (2) The pervasive influence and limited reporting of racism by nursing students: sub themes-feeling disempowered, and barriers to reporting racism.Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the registered nurse students' experience of racism in various forms within the clinical environment and the significant negative impact it has on RNS during placements. This evidence calls for systemic changes to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for all RNS.