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Related Concept Videos

Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Validating Online Parent- and Self-Report Screening Methods for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Shelby N Ortiz1, Jennifer P White1, Casey M MacDermod1

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The Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview-ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI-AR-Q) better identified avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in adults and children. The Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) more accurately estimated ARFID symptoms, suggesting partial support for these screening tools.

Keywords:
ARFIDappetiteclinical assessmenteating disordersfearpicky eating

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) assessments are crucial for diagnosis and symptom measurement.
  • Validation of ARFID screening tools in nonclinical adult and child populations is limited.
  • Community-based samples require further investigation for ARFID diagnostic presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of two self- and parent/guardian-report ARFID screening measures in a large community sample.
  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy and symptom estimation capabilities of the PARDI-AR-Q and NIAS in adults and children.
  • To provide evidence for the utility of these screeners in identifying potential ARFID cases.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty participants (25 adults, 25 parents/guardians of children) from the ARFID Genes and Environment study were included.
  • Participants completed the ARFID portion of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) for diagnostic confirmation.
  • The Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview-ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI-AR-Q) and Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) were used as screening measures.

Main Results:

  • Correlations between the NIAS and PARDI were generally stronger than those between the PARDI-AR-Q and PARDI.
  • The PARDI-AR-Q demonstrated a higher positive predictive value for diagnosing ARFID in both adults and children compared to the NIAS.
  • Both PARDI-AR-Q and NIAS dimensions significantly predicted corresponding ARFID dimensions, indicating their predictive utility.

Conclusions:

  • The PARDI-AR-Q showed superior accuracy in identifying individuals with ARFID, while the NIAS excelled at estimating symptom severity.
  • Findings offer partial validation for the use of PARDI-AR-Q and NIAS in community settings.
  • Further research is needed to refine ARFID screening tools and understand diagnostic presentations in diverse populations, especially adults.