How to Use Virtual Reality from Echocardiographic-Acquired Images

Our goal of this review is to describe the current evidence and future applications of virtual reality (VR) from echocardiographic acquired images to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve the visualization of cardiac structures by providing immersive 3-dimensional (3D) environments for better interpretation, communication between healthcare providers, families and trainees.

Virtual reality is a powerful tool for education, procedural planning and simulation. Using readily available echocardiographic images for this purpose is feasible, effective and safe. This document highlights the increasing role of VR in procedural planning, education, and intraprocedural guidance using three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Key advancements include the development of smaller 3D transthoracic and pediatric transesophageal probes with better temporal resolution, which enable enhanced imaging for preoperative planning. VR allows surgeons to visualize dynamic 3D cardiac models created from echocardiographic or Computed Tomography (CT) data, enabling better pre-surgical rehearsal, device selection, and landing zone visualization. It also provides immersive training tools for echocardiographers and offers potential for intraprocedural guidance in interventions such as atrial septal defect closures. These developments underscore the growing synergy between VR and 3DE for refining diagnosis and procedural strategies.