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Instant variable stiffness in cardiovascular catheters based on fiber jamming.

Yi Sun1, Yegor Piskarev1, Etienne H Hofstetter1

  • 1Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

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|February 7, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel variable stiffness (VS) catheter using fiber jamming (FJ) for faster, safer minimally invasive surgeries (MISs). The FJ catheter offers instant stiffness changes, improving surgical efficiency and patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Variable stiffness (VS) catheters enhance miniature surgical instruments for minimally invasive surgeries (MISs).
  • Existing VS catheters using phase-changing materials have slow stiffness modulation rates (≈90 s), increasing surgery duration.
  • There is a need for VS catheters with rapid stiffness changes to improve surgical efficiency and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel VS catheter based on fiber jamming (FJ) technology.
  • To achieve instantaneous stiffness changes for seamless catheter operation in MISs.
  • To enhance the safety and effectiveness of cardiovascular catheters.

Main Methods:

  • A novel VS catheter design utilizing fiber jamming (FJ) was developed.
  • The catheter incorporates hundreds of ultrathin fibers within a 2.3-mm slender body.
  • Stiffness modulation and bending capabilities were tested, focusing on response times and degree of change.

Main Results:

  • The FJ-based VS catheter demonstrated instant stiffness changes (≤300 ms), significantly faster than existing technologies.
  • Achieved up to a 6.5-fold increase in stiffness.
  • Enabled complex bending profiles within seconds using a two-segment design.
  • The FJ design eliminates the need for internal electric currents or heating, enhancing patient safety.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed FJ-based VS catheter offers instantaneous stiffness modulation, substantial stiffness change, and enhanced safety for MIS applications.
  • This technology has the potential to set new benchmarks in MIS, improving treatment for complex diseases.
  • The rapid response and safety features make it a promising advancement for cardiovascular interventions.