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Updated: May 8, 2025

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Published on: September 16, 2015
The taxonomy of risky activities and technologies: Revisiting the 1978 psychological dimensions of perceptions of
Joanna Sokolowska1, Zofia Rey1
1Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to replicate the original study by Fischhoff et al. (1978) and its replication by Fox-Glassman and Weber (2016) and to examine whether risk perceptions for the previously studied activities and technologies have changed over the past 40 years, especially when activities/technologies related to contemporary concerns are included. To achieve this goal, the list of activities/technologies has been modified. To facilitate the analysis of individual data, all participants were asked to rate the benefits and risks of 24 activities. The within-participant approach was also used to achieve the second objective of our study: to analyze the relationship between perceived benefits and risks. In summary, the design of this study differed from previous studies in the following ways: (1) Nine activities/technologies were added related to contemporary concerns such as global warming and fake news on the Internet; (2) all participants rated both benefits and risks; (3) data were collected online (as in the 2016 study); (4) the study was conducted by Prolific with a sample size large enough to detect medium-size effects (n = 382). The two-factor structure proposed by Fischhoff et al.-unknown risk and dread risk-was confirmed on aggregated data for the new set of hazards, which included novel hazards. At the level of individual data, modest support for this structure was observed, and a very strong inverse relationship between perceived benefits and risks was observed.
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