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Swallowing and Oral-Sensorimotor Characteristics in a Sample of Young Hospitalised Children With Severe Acute

Casey Jane Eslick1, Alta Kritzinger1, Marien Alet Graham2

  • 1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|February 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) often have significant oral-sensorimotor difficulties, impacting safe swallowing. Early identification and intervention are crucial for nutritional recovery and overall health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Swallowing Disorders
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects millions of children globally.
  • Nutritional recovery in SAM is complex and can be hindered by feeding difficulties.
  • Oral-sensorimotor skills are vital for safe and effective feeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate swallowing and oral-sensorimotor characteristics in hospitalized children with SAM.
  • To compare these characteristics with age- and gender-matched controls.
  • To identify potential correlations between developmental delays and feeding issues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Schedule of Oral-motor Assessment (SOMA) for 45 hospitalized children with SAM and 45 matched controls.
  • Matched participants on age, gender, TB/HIV status, and socioeconomic factors.
  • Collected caregiver-reported data on feeding practices and behaviors.

Main Results:

  • 55.6% of children with SAM exhibited oral-sensorimotor difficulties, compared to 13.3% in controls (p < 0.001).
  • Difficulties included impaired jaw, tongue, and lip control, affecting chewing and bolus formation.
  • Delayed sitting development correlated with uncoordinated swallowing and head extension.
  • Clinical signs of aspiration were observed in the SAM group.

Conclusions:

  • Oral-sensorimotor dysfunction and potential aspiration are prevalent in children with SAM.
  • Ensuring safe swallowing is essential for successful nutritional rehabilitation.
  • Under-identification of these issues and fragmented care require further investigation and improved referral pathways to speech-language therapists.
Abstract

Keywords:
feeding difficultiesinfant and young child feeding (IYCF)oral‐sensorimotor characteristicssevere acute malnutrition (SAM)swallowing

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