Modification of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles for antibiotic detection

The manufacture, modification, and application of surface-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the extraction and isolation of antibiotics are reviewed in this paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to characterize the morphological features of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) can be used to determine the crystalline shapes and distinctive functional groups of these particles. We gathered a lot of data to investigate the effects of experimental parameters like pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and ionic strength on the extraction of antibiotics from Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles. We additionally talked about the mechanism of action of magnetic nanoparticles for the extraction of separated antibiotics and how they are utilized in practical detection methods. This work concluded with an overview of the potential for environmental friendliness and dispersion of functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, as well as potential challenges and directions.