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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Published on: July 6, 2014

Coronavirus disease vaccine linked menstrual changes: mobile application study.

Sung Eun Kim¹, Joseph J Noh², Yoo-Young Lee²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Obstetrics & Gynecology Science

|February 9, 2025

Summary

COVID-19 vaccination was associated with increased intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) prevalence and duration. While statistically significant, these changes in menstrual patterns were not clinically meaningful following vaccination.

Keywords:

Abnormal uterine bleeding COVID-19 Intermenstrual bleeding Vaccination Vaccine

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Vaccinology
Public Health

Background:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has been reported frequently since the commencement of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
Understanding the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual irregularities is crucial for public health.
Previous studies have indicated potential links between vaccination and menstrual cycle changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).
To investigate changes in the prevalence, duration, and amount of intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) post-vaccination.
To analyze the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual duration, cycle length, and associated symptoms.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study utilizing mobile application data on menstrual cycles.
Analysis of intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) prevalence, duration, and amount before and after COVID-19 vaccination.
Examination of menstrual duration, cycle length, and symptom variations in relation to vaccination status and vaccine type.

Main Results:

Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) prevalence increased to 3.35% post-vaccination (OR, 1.61).
IMB duration increased by 0.43 days, and the proportion of heavier IMB increased (OR, 2.96).
Menstrual cycle length increased by 1.39 days (p<0.0001), with IMB prevalence rising irrespective of vaccine type.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated statistically significant effects on IMB prevalence, duration, amount, and menstrual cycle length.
These observed menstrual changes, while statistically significant, were not considered clinically meaningful.
Menstrual variations post-vaccination were generally within the normal range.