Carbonated Beverage Consumption Among Saudi Adults Before and After Implementation of Soft Drink Tax

The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia has increased dramatically, with approximately 35% of the population estimated to be obese. This study assessed the patterns of carbonated beverage consumption and the factors and attitudes influencing consumption before and after implementing new soft drink taxes among Saudi adults. A secondary analysis was conducted on two cross-sectional studies involving Saudi adults aged over 18 years. The studies were conducted in July-September 2016 (Pre taxation, n = 964) and October 2022-March 2023 (post taxation, n = 1931). Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, consumption patterns, influencing factors, and attitudes. A chi-square test compared frequency changes between the two periods, while a linear regression model assessed the impact of taxation on consumption frequency and quantity, along with associated factors and attitudes. Daily carbonated beverage consumption increased from 6% pre-taxation to 8% post-taxation. Significant changes were observed in factors and attitudes toward consumption (P < 0.05). The perceived influence of advertising decreased significantly (-0.320, P < 0.0001), while consumption during meals at home (0.430, P < 0.0001) and while watching TV or using electronic devices (0.231, P < 0.0001) increased post-taxation. The findings indicate that despite taxation, carbonated beverage consumption did not decrease among Saudi adults. These results underscore the need for comprehensive health promotion and intervention programs to address the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and mitigate their health impacts.