Clinicopathological features and treatment of gastrointestinal schwannomas

Gastrointestinal schwannomas (GIS) are rare neurogenic tumors arising from Schwann cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies on GIS are limited to small case reports or focus on specific tumor sites, underscoring the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges they pose.

To comprehensively examine the clinical features, pathological characteristics, treatment outcomes, associated comorbidities, and prognosis of GIS.

The study population included patients diagnosed with GIS at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between June 2007 and April 2024. Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed from medical records, including demographic characteristics, endoscopic and imaging findings, treatment modalities, pathological evaluations, and follow-up information.

In total, 229 patients with GIS were included, with a mean age of 56.00 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.83. The mean tumor size was 2.75 cm, and most (76.9%) were located in the stomach. Additionally, 6.6% of the patients had other malignant tumors. Preoperative imaging and endoscopy frequently misdiagnosed GIS as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, accurate preoperative diagnosis was achieved using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration combined with immunohistochemical analysis, in which S100 and SOX-10 markers were mostly positive. Smaller tumors were typically managed with endoscopic resection, while larger lesions were treated with surgical resection. Follow-up results showed that most patients experienced favorable outcomes.

Preoperative diagnosis of GIS via clinical characteristics, endoscopy, and imaging examinations remains challenging but crucial. Endoscopic therapy provides a minimally invasive and effective option for patients.