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Cytomorphological and Cytomorphometric Analysis of Oral Squames in Smokers Using Computer Aided Image Analysis

Priyanka Choudhary1, Jyoti Kasana2, Bhupender Bhati3

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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|February 10, 2025
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Smoking significantly alters oral mucosa cells, with smokers showing distinct cellular and nuclear size changes. Cytomorphometry analysis reveals these differences, highlighting its potential for diagnosing oral lesions.

Keywords:
Computer-aided image analysiscytomorphologycytomorphometryoral squamessmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Cytopathology
  • Tobacco-related diseases

Background:

  • Smoking is a major risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders.
  • Early detection of oral lesions is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Cytomorphometry offers a quantitative approach to cellular analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of smoking on oral mucosal cell morphology.
  • To evaluate the utility of cytomorphometry in identifying smoking-induced changes.
  • To assess the role of cytomorphometry in diagnosing potentially malignant oral disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 75 patients (smokers and non-smokers).
  • Analyzed buccal mucosa cells using Papanicolaou (PAP) stain.
  • Quantified cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), cellular area (CA), and nuclear area (NA) via image analysis software.

Main Results:

  • Smokers exhibited significantly increased nuclear diameter (ND) and nuclear area (NA).
  • Smokers showed significantly decreased cellular diameter (CD) and cellular area (CA) compared to non-smokers.
  • Statistical analysis (ANOVA, t-tests) confirmed significant differences (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Cytomorphometry effectively quantifies smoking-related cellular alterations in oral mucosa.
  • Exfoliative cytology combined with cytomorphometry is a valuable tool for screening oral potentially malignant disorders.
  • This method is simple, fast, and cost-effective for early detection and prognosis.