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The cultivation of environmental microorganisms has long been hindered by the inability to replicate complex native conditions in vitro. The isolation chip (iChip) addresses this limitation by facilitating the growth of previously uncultivable microorganisms through in situ incubation. Designed for high-throughput microbial cultivation, the iChip comprises hundreds of microchambers, each capable of housing a single microbial cell. These microchambers are loaded with a mixture of molten agar and...
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Living material-derived intelligent micro/nanorobots.

Shuhuai Wang1, Ya Liu1, Shuangjiao Sun1

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Intelligent micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) integrate living materials with synthetic components for autonomous movement and diverse biomedical applications. This review highlights LMNR design, biomaterials, and future clinical potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics
  • Micro- and Nanorobotics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Living materials, including cells and microorganisms, are increasingly utilized in micro- and nanorobotics.
  • Living material-derived intelligent micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) combine biological components with synthetic structures.
  • LMNRs offer autonomous movement and potential for various biomedical functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the design and biomedical applications of LMNRs from a biomimetic perspective.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of living materials used in LMNR construction.
  • To discuss current challenges and future research directions for LMNRs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biomimetic strategies in LMNR development.
  • Analysis of living materials (mammalian cells, plants, microorganisms) for LMNR construction.
  • Examination of LMNR applications in drug delivery, imaging, and disease treatment.

Main Results:

  • LMNRs leverage diverse living materials, harnessing energy for autonomous propulsion.
  • Key applications include targeted drug delivery, enhanced medical imaging, and disease therapy.
  • Biomimetic design strategies are crucial for LMNR functionality and efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • LMNRs represent a promising frontier in nanomedicine, merging biological and synthetic systems.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in stability, control, and clinical translation.
  • Future developments aim to enhance LMNR capabilities for widespread clinical adoption.